Green Iguana: A Comprehensive Review

Introduction

The Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) is one of the most recognizable lizard species in the world. Native to Central and South America as well as some Caribbean islands, these magnificent reptiles have become popular both in the wild and as exotic pets. This review will examine their characteristics, habitat, behavior, and conservation status.

Physical Characteristics

Green Iguanas are large lizards, typically growing 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters) in length from head to tail, with some specimens reaching up to 7 feet. Despite their name, their coloration can vary from bright green to grayish-blue, often depending on their age, mood, or environment. They possess distinctive features including:

• A row of spines running down their back to their tail
• A large dewlap (skin flap) under their chin
• Powerful legs with sharp claws for climbing
• A long, whip-like tail that can be used for defense

Habitat and Distribution

Green Iguanas are arboreal creatures, primarily inhabiting tropical rainforests near water sources. Their natural range extends from southern Mexico through Central America to Paraguay and southeastern Brazil. They've also been introduced to Florida, Hawaii, and several Caribbean islands where they're often considered invasive species.

These reptiles spend most of their time in trees, rarely descending except to mate, lay eggs, or change trees. Their excellent climbing abilities allow them to thrive in forest canopies up to 50 feet high.

Diet and Behavior

Contrary to popular belief, Green Iguanas are primarily herbivorous. Their diet consists mainly of:

• Leaves (especially young, tender ones)
• Flowers
• Fruits
• Occasionally some insects or small invertebrates

They are diurnal creatures, most active during daylight hours. When threatened, they may exhibit defensive behaviors including tail whipping, biting, or attempting to flee. Their excellent vision allows them to detect movement at long distances.

Reproduction and Lifespan

Green Iguanas reach sexual maturity at about 2-4 years old. Mating season typically occurs in late fall or early winter, with females laying 20-70 eggs in burrows 45-100 days after mating. The eggs incubate for about 90-120 days before hatching.

In the wild, Green Iguanas typically live 10-15 years, though in captivity with proper care they can live up to 20 years or more.

Conservation Status

While not currently endangered, Green Iguana populations face several threats:

• Habitat destruction due to deforestation
• Hunting for meat and leather
• Pet trade exploitation
• Climate change impacts

In some regions, conservation programs have been established to protect wild populations. The species is listed under CITES Appendix II, regulating international trade.

Conclusion

The Green Iguana is a fascinating reptile that plays an important role in its ecosystem. While they make striking pets for experienced reptile keepers, their care requirements are substantial and they can be challenging to maintain properly. As with all wildlife, conservation efforts are crucial to ensure these magnificent creatures continue to thrive in their natural habitats.