Tree Peony: The King of Flowers

Tree peonies (Paeonia suffruticosa) are among the most magnificent flowering plants in the world, revered for their stunning blooms and rich cultural history. These deciduous shrubs originate from China, where they've been cultivated for over 1,500 years and are often called the "King of Flowers" in Chinese tradition.

Appearance and Characteristics

Unlike herbaceous peonies that die back each winter, tree peonies maintain their woody structure year-round. They typically grow 4-7 feet tall with a similar spread, developing into attractive, vase-shaped shrubs. The most remarkable feature is undoubtedly their flowers - enormous blooms reaching 6-12 inches across with colors ranging from pure white through pink, red, purple, and even rare yellow varieties. The flowers often feature delicate ruffled petals with contrasting centers of golden stamens.

Cultural Significance

In Chinese culture, tree peonies symbolize wealth, honor, and feminine beauty. They were the favorite flower of Chinese emperors and became a national symbol during the Tang Dynasty. Many classical Chinese paintings and poems feature tree peonies as their central subject. The plant was introduced to Japan in the 8th century and later to Europe in the 18th century, where it quickly gained popularity among horticulturalists.

Growing Requirements

Tree peonies thrive in USDA zones 4-9, preferring:

• Well-drained, slightly alkaline soil
• Morning sun with afternoon shade
• Protection from strong winds
• Minimal pruning (only dead wood removal)

They're remarkably long-lived plants, with some specimens in China reportedly over 200 years old. While slow-growing initially, established plants can live for generations with proper care.

Blooming Season and Care

The spectacular flowering occurs in mid to late spring, typically lasting 7-10 days per bloom. Unlike herbaceous peonies, tree peonies don't require staking as their woody stems support the heavy flowers. After blooming, the attractive deeply lobed foliage remains ornamental throughout summer before turning yellow in autumn. These plants are relatively low-maintenance once established, requiring only annual fertilization and occasional watering during droughts.

Landscape Uses

Tree peonies make excellent focal points in gardens. Their elegant form works well in:

• Traditional Chinese or Japanese gardens
• Mixed shrub borders
• As specimen plants near patios or walkways
• Cut flower gardens (though blooms are short-lived in vases)

Conclusion

With their breathtaking flowers, cultural significance, and longevity, tree peonies deserve their royal status in the plant world. While they require patience (taking 3-5 years to establish and bloom heavily), the wait is rewarded with some of nature's most spectacular floral displays. These living heirlooms connect us to ancient horticultural traditions while bringing unmatched beauty to modern gardens.