The Fascinating Bichir: A Living Fossil in Your Aquarium

The Bichir (Polypteridae family) is one of the most unique and prehistoric-looking fish available in the aquarium trade today. These ancient fish have remained virtually unchanged for millions of years, earning them the nickname "living fossils." With their elongated bodies, armored scales, and distinctive dorsal finlets, Bichirs make a striking addition to any large aquarium.

Appearance and Characteristics

Bichirs possess several remarkable physical traits. Their most noticeable feature is the series of dorsal finlets (typically 5-18 depending on species) that run along their backs. These fish have elongated, eel-like bodies covered in ganoid scales - a primitive type of thick, bony scale that provides excellent protection. Their coloration varies by species but generally includes shades of gray, brown, or olive with subtle patterns that provide excellent camouflage.

One of their most fascinating anatomical features is their ability to breathe air. Bichirs have modified swim bladders that function similarly to lungs, allowing them to gulp air from the water's surface. This adaptation enables them to survive in oxygen-poor waters and even survive out of water for short periods if kept moist.

Behavior and Temperament

Bichirs are generally peaceful but predatory fish. They are nocturnal by nature, becoming more active during evening hours. During the day, they often rest near the bottom or hide among plants and decorations. While they can coexist with other large fish, smaller tankmates may be seen as food due to the Bichir's carnivorous nature.

These fish demonstrate interesting behaviors such as "walking" across the substrate using their strong pectoral fins. They are also known for their intelligence compared to many other fish species, often recognizing their owners and showing anticipation at feeding times.

Care Requirements

Bichirs require specific care to thrive:

• Tank Size: Minimum 75 gallons for smaller species, up to 180+ gallons for larger varieties
• Water Parameters: Temperature 75-82°F (24-28°C), pH 6.5-7.5
• Diet: Carnivorous - accepts pellets, frozen foods (shrimp, fish), and live foods
• Tank Setup: Soft substrate, hiding places, secure lid (they may jump)

Popular Species

Some commonly kept Bichir species include:

• Senegal Bichir (Polypterus senegalus): The most common, reaching about 12 inches
• Ornate Bichir (Polypterus ornatipinnis): Beautiful patterning, grows to 24 inches
• Delhezi Bichir (Polypterus delhezi): Striking barred pattern, 14-16 inches
• Saddled Bichir (Polypterus endlicheri): One of the largest at up to 30 inches

Conclusion

The Bichir offers aquarists a chance to keep a truly prehistoric creature in their home aquarium. Their unique appearance, interesting behaviors, and relative hardiness make them excellent specimens for intermediate to advanced fish keepers. While they require large tanks and specific care, their dinosaur-like charm and personality make them well worth the effort for enthusiasts seeking something extraordinary. These living fossils serve as a remarkable connection to our planet's ancient aquatic ecosystems.